[CKA][실습] 6. Security (3)

Practice Test - Role-based-access-controls

        
bash
        

            
        
     
## kube-apiserver rbac 모드 확인 (Node,RBAC)
$ ps -ef | grep api
root        3363    2825  0 08:21 ?        00:00:24 kube-apiserver --advertise-address=192.22.228.9 --allow-privileged=true --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-etcd-client.crt --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-etcd-client.key --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-kubelet-client.crt --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-kubelet-client.key --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.crt --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.key --requestheader-allowed-names=front-proxy-client --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.crt --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --secure-port=6443 --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/12 --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.crt --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.key

## role 확인
$ k get role -A
NAMESPACE     NAME                                             CREATED AT
blue          developer                                        2023-05-11T12:24:52Z
kube-public   kubeadm:bootstrap-signer-clusterinfo             2023-05-11T12:21:50Z
kube-public   system:controller:bootstrap-signer               2023-05-11T12:21:49Z
kube-system   extension-apiserver-authentication-reader        2023-05-11T12:21:48Z
kube-system   kube-proxy                                       2023-05-11T12:21:52Z
kube-system   kubeadm:kubelet-config                           2023-05-11T12:21:49Z
kube-system   kubeadm:nodes-kubeadm-config                     2023-05-11T12:21:49Z
kube-system   system::leader-locking-kube-controller-manager   2023-05-11T12:21:48Z
kube-system   system::leader-locking-kube-scheduler            2023-05-11T12:21:48Z
kube-system   system:controller:bootstrap-signer               2023-05-11T12:21:48Z
kube-system   system:controller:cloud-provider                 2023-05-11T12:21:48Z
kube-system   system:controller:token-cleaner                  2023-05-11T12:21:48Z

$ k describe role kube-proxy -n kube-system
Name:         kube-proxy
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>
PolicyRule:
  Resources   Non-Resource URLs  Resource Names  Verbs
  ---------   -----------------  --------------  -----
  configmaps  []                 [kube-proxy]    [get]
  
## kube-proxy role이 할당된 account 확인
$ k get rolebinding -n kube-system
NAME                                                ROLE                                                  AGE
kube-proxy                                          Role/kube-proxy                                       9m31s
kubeadm:kubelet-config                              Role/kubeadm:kubelet-config                           9m34s
kubeadm:nodes-kubeadm-config                        Role/kubeadm:nodes-kubeadm-config                     9m34s
system::extension-apiserver-authentication-reader   Role/extension-apiserver-authentication-reader        9m34s
system::leader-locking-kube-controller-manager      Role/system::leader-locking-kube-controller-manager   9m34s
system::leader-locking-kube-scheduler               Role/system::leader-locking-kube-scheduler            9m34s
system:controller:bootstrap-signer                  Role/system:controller:bootstrap-signer               9m34s
system:controller:cloud-provider                    Role/system:controller:cloud-provider                 9m34s
system:controller:token-cleaner                     Role/system:controller:token-cleaner                  9m34s

$ k describe rolebinding kube-proxy -n kube-system
Name:         kube-proxy
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>
Role:
  Kind:  Role
  Name:  kube-proxy
Subjects:
  Kind   Name                                             Namespace
  ----   ----                                             ---------
  Group  system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token

## dev-user 권한 확인
$ kubectl auth can-i get po -n default --as dev-user
no

role 및 rolebinding 생성

        
bash
        

            
        
     
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  namespace: default
  name: developer
rules:
- apiGroups: [""] 
  resources: ["pods"]
  verbs: ["list", "create", "delete"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: dev-user-binding
  namespace: default
subjects:
- kind: User
  name: dev-user
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
  kind: Role
  name: developer
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

권한 확인

        
bash
        

            
        
     
$ k auth can-i create po -n default --as dev-user
yes

$ k get role -n blue
NAME        CREATED AT
developer   2023-05-11T12:24:52Z

$ k describe role developer -n blue
Name:         developer
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>
PolicyRule:
  Resources  Non-Resource URLs  Resource Names  Verbs
  ---------  -----------------  --------------  -----
  pods       []                 [blue-app]      [get watch create delete]

role 수정 (dark-blue-app 추가)

        
bash
        

            
        
     
$  k edit role developer -n blue
# Please edit the object below. Lines beginning with a '#' will be ignored,
# and an empty file will abort the edit. If an error occurs while saving this file will be
# reopened with the relevant failures.
#
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2023-05-11T12:24:52Z"
  name: developer
  namespace: blue
  resourceVersion: "684"
  uid: 42f67521-51a9-449a-8081-34bdbf556db0
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resourceNames:
  - blue-app
  - dark-blue-app
  resources:
  - pods
  verbs:
  - get
  - watch
  - create
  - delete
  
$ k auth can-i get po/dark-blue-app -n blue --as dev-user
yes

## deployment create 권한 추가
$ k edit role developer -n blue
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2023-05-11T12:24:52Z"
  name: developer
  namespace: blue
  resourceVersion: "2142"
  uid: 42f67521-51a9-449a-8081-34bdbf556db0
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resourceNames:
  - blue-app
  - dark-blue-app
  resources:
  - pods
  verbs:
  - get
  - watch
  - create
  - delete
- apiGroups:
  - "apps"
  resources:
  - deployments
  verbs:
  - create

---

Practice Test - Cluster Roles

        
bash
        

            
        
     
$ k get clusterroles -A | tail -n +2 | wc -l
69
$ k get clusterrolebinding -A | tail -n +2 | wc -l
54
$ k get clusterrolebinding | grep admin
cluster-admin                                          ClusterRole/cluster-admin                                          61m
kube-apiserver-kubelet-admin                           ClusterRole/system:kubelet-api-admin                               61m
helm-kube-system-traefik                               ClusterRole/cluster-admin                                          61m
helm-kube-system-traefik-crd                           ClusterRole/cluster-admin                                          61m

controlplane ~ ➜  k describe clusterrolebinding cluster-admin
Name:         cluster-admin
Labels:       kubernetes.io/bootstrapping=rbac-defaults
Annotations:  rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: true
Role:
  Kind:  ClusterRole
  Name:  cluster-admin
Subjects:
  Kind   Name            Namespace
  ----   ----            ---------
  Group  system:masters  
  
$ k describe clusterrole cluster-admin
Name:         cluster-admin
Labels:       kubernetes.io/bootstrapping=rbac-defaults
Annotations:  rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: true
PolicyRule:
  Resources  Non-Resource URLs  Resource Names  Verbs
  ---------  -----------------  --------------  -----
  *.*        []                 []              [*]
             [*]                []              [*]

 

clusterrole, clusterrolebinding 생성

        
bash
        

            
        
     
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: node-role
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["nodes"]
  verbs: ["get","list"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: node-role
subjects:
- kind: User
  name: michelle
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: node-role
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

storage 관련 권한 추가

        
bash
        

            
        
     
## api 정보 확인
$ kubectl api-resources | grep sc
horizontalpodautoscalers          hpa          autoscaling/v2                         true         HorizontalPodAutoscaler
endpointslices                                 discovery.k8s.io/v1                    true         EndpointSlice
flowschemas                                    flowcontrol.apiserver.k8s.io/v1beta3   false        FlowSchema
ingressclasses                                 networking.k8s.io/v1                   false        IngressClass
priorityclasses                   pc           scheduling.k8s.io/v1                   false        PriorityClass
storageclasses                    sc           storage.k8s.io/v1                      false        StorageClass

$ kubectl api-resources | grep pv
persistentvolumeclaims            pvc          v1                                     true         PersistentVolumeClaim
persistentvolumes                 pv           v1                                     false        PersistentVolume

        
bash
        

            
        
     
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: storage-admin
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["persistentvolumes"]
  verbs: ["get","list"]
- apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io/v1"]
  resources: ["storageclasses"]
  verbs: ["get","list"] 
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: michelle-storage-admin
subjects:
- kind: User
  name: michelle
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: storage-admin
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io